IP地址中的保留IP
目录
在互联网寻址结构中，互联网工程任务组（IETF）和互联网号码分配局（IANA）保留了许多用于特殊目的的网际协议（IP）地址。
保留IP
IPV4
| Address block | Address range | Number of addresses | Scope | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0.0.0/8 | 0.0.0.0–0.255.255.255 | 16777216 | Software | Current network[3] |
| 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.0.0.0–10.255.255.255 | 16777216 | Private network | Used for local communications within a private network.[4] |
| 100.64.0.0/10 | 100.64.0.0–100.127.255.255 | 4194304 | Private network | Shared address space[5] for communications between a service provider and its subscribers when using a carrier-grade NAT. |
| 127.0.0.0/8 | 127.0.0.0–127.255.255.255 | 16777216 | Host | Used for loopback addresses to the local host.[3] |
| 169.254.0.0/16 | 169.254.0.0–169.254.255.255 | 65536 | Subnet | Used for link-local addresses[6] between two hosts on a single link when no IP address is otherwise specified, such as would have normally been retrieved from a DHCP server. |
| 172.16.0.0/12 | 172.16.0.0–172.31.255.255 | 1048576 | Private network | Used for local communications within a private network.[4] |
| 192.0.0.0/24 | 192.0.0.0–192.0.0.255 | 256 | Private network | IETF Protocol Assignments.[3] |
| 192.0.2.0/24 | 192.0.2.0–192.0.2.255 | 256 | Documentation | Assigned as TEST-NET-1, documentation and examples.[7] |
| 192.88.99.0/24 | 192.88.99.0–192.88.99.255 | 256 | Internet | Reserved.[8] Formerly used for IPv6 to IPv4 relay[9] (included IPv6 address block 2002::/16). |
| 192.168.0.0/16 | 192.168.0.0–192.168.255.255 | 65536 | Private network | Used for local communications within a private network.[4] |
| 198.18.0.0/15 | 198.18.0.0–198.19.255.255 | 131072 | Private network | Used for benchmark testing of inter-network communications between two separate subnets.[10] |
| 198.51.100.0/24 | 198.51.100.0–198.51.100.255 | 256 | Documentation | Assigned as TEST-NET-2, documentation and examples.[7] |
| 203.0.113.0/24 | 203.0.113.0–203.0.113.255 | 256 | Documentation | Assigned as TEST-NET-3, documentation and examples.[7] |
| 224.0.0.0/4 | 224.0.0.0–239.255.255.255 | 268435456 | Internet | In use for IP multicast.[11] (Former Class D network.) |
| 233.252.0.0/24 | 233.252.0.0-233.252.0.255 | 256 | Documentation | Assigned as MCAST-TEST-NET, documentation and examples.[11][12] |
| 240.0.0.0/4 | 240.0.0.0–255.255.255.254 | 268435455 | Internet | Reserved for future use.[13] (Former Class E network.) |
| 255.255.255.255/32 | 255.255.255.255 | 1 | Subnet | Reserved for the “limited broadcast” destination address.[3][14] |
IPV6
| 地址块（CIDR） | 范围 | 地址数 | 效用域 | 用途 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ::/128 | :: | 1 | 软件 | 未指定地址。 |
| ::1/128 | ::1 | 1 | 主机 | 用于到本地主机的环回地址。 |
| ::ffff:0:0/96 | ::ffff:0:0 –::ffff:ffff:ffff(::ffff:0.0.0.0 –::ffff:255.255.255.255) | 232 | 软件 | IPv4映射地址。 |
| 100::/64 | 100:: –100::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 264 | RFC 6666中废除的前缀。 | |
| 64:ff9b::/96 | 64:ff9b::64:ff9b::ffff:ffff(64:ff9b::0.0.0.0 –64:ff9b::255.255.255.255) | 232 | 全球互联网[13] | 用于IPv4/IPv6转换。（RFC 6052） |
| 2001::/32 | 2001:: –2001::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 296 | 全局 | 用于Teredo通道。 |
| 2001:10::/28 | 2001:10:: –2001:1f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 2100 | 软件 | 已弃用（先前为ORCHID）。 |
| 2001:20::/28 | 2001:20:: –2001:2f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 2100 | 软件 | ORCHIDv2。 |
| 2001:db8::/32 | 2001:db8:: –2001:db8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 296 | 文档 | 用于文档和示例源代码中的地址。 |
| 2002::/16 | 2002:: –2002:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 2112 | 全球互联网 | 用于6to4。 |
| fc00::/7 | fc00:: –fdff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 2121 | 专用网络 | 用于专用网络中的本地通信。 |
| fe80::/10 | fe80:: –febf:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 2118 | 链路 | 用于主机之间的链路本地地址。 |
| ff00::/8 | ff00:: –ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 2120 | 全球互联网 | 用于多播地址。 |
| Address block (CIDR) | First address | Last address | Number of addresses | Usage | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ::/0 | :: | ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 2128 | Routing | Default route (no specific route) |
| ::/128 | :: | :: | 1 | Software | Unspecified address |
| ::1/128 | ::1 | ::1 | 1 | Host | Loopback address—a virtual interface that loops all traffic back to itself, the local host |
| ::ffff:0:0/96 | ::ffff:0.0.0.0 | ::ffff:255.255.255.255 | 2128 − 96 = 232 = 4294967296 | Software | IPv4-mapped addresses |
| ::ffff:0:0:0/96 | ::ffff:0:0.0.0.0 | ::ffff:0:255.255.255.255 | 232 | Software | IPv4 translated addresses |
| 64:ff9b::/96 | 64:ff9b::0.0.0.0 | 64:ff9b::255.255.255.255 | 232 | Global Internet | IPv4/IPv6 translation[15] |
| 64:ff9b:1::/48 | 64:ff9b:1::0.0.0.0 | 64:ff9b:1:ffff:ffff:ffff:255.255.255.255 | 280 | Private internets | IPv4/IPv6 translation[16] |
| 100::/64 | 100:: | 100::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 264 | Routing | Discard prefix[17] |
| 2001:0000::/32 | 2001:: | 2001::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 296 | Global Internet | Teredo tunneling[18] |
| 2001:20::/28 | 2001:20:: | 2001:2f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 2100 | Software | ORCHIDv2[19] |
| 2001:db8::/32 | 2001:db8:: | 2001:db8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 296 | Documentation | Addresses used in documentation and example source code[20] |
| 2002::/16 | 2002:: | 2002:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 2112 | Global Internet | The 6to4 addressing scheme (deprecated)[8] |
| fc00::/7 | fc00:: | fdff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 2121 | Private internets | Unique local address[21] |
| fe80::/10 | fe80:: | fe80::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 264 | Link | Link-local address |
| ff00::/8 | ff00:: | ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff | 2120 | Global Internet | Multicast address |
来源：https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/保留IP地址
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserved_IP_addresses#cite_note-rfc5771-11